Head cold and earache: when ears hurt with cold symptoms

Woman holding both ears in pain
Is it normal to have ear pain with a cold? A 2020 article published in the National Library of Medicine reports that the common cold and ears hurting is very prevalent, especially among children. It's typical for children to catch 6 to 10 colds per year at school, daycare, or kindergarten. Adults, on average, experience 2 to 4 colds a year, primarily during the colder months. To treat an earache caused by a common cold, you generally need to let the illness resolve itself. Once the cold subsides, the earache should also disappear. Resting and staying hydrated can help speed up recovery from a cold, and over-the-counter cold medications may provide relief. Along with the typical symptoms of coughing, sneezing, and a runny nose, an earache can occur. This pain might indicate a cold or an ear infection, and distinguishing between the two is crucial for proper treatment. Not sure how to tell the difference? Start here.

Common cold symptoms and earache

The common cold is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms like a runny or stuffy nose, sore and itchy throat, cough, and general malaise. Ear pain, or earache, can often accompany these symptoms, leading to a condition where people describe their ear hurting with a cold. This is because the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose, can become inflamed and blocked due to the viral infection, leading to pressure and pain in the ear. Earaches associated with a cold, referred to as common cold earache, can be a result of fluid buildup or an infection in the middle ear (otitis media). This condition can cause symptoms such as difficulty hearing, a feeling of fullness in the ear, and persistent ear pain. Sometimes, the inflammation can be severe enough to cause fever and more pronounced ear discomfort​​. Cold symptoms and ear pain are common, especially in children, and usually resolve as the cold subsides. However, persistent or severe ear pain might require medical attention to rule out a bacterial infection or other complications that may need treatment with antibiotics or other interventions.

Why do my ears hurt when I have a cold?

Can a cold cause an earache? Yes, an earache due to cold treatment is common. When you catch a cold, an earache might occur due to several reasons.

Congestion

The eustachian tube, connecting your middle ear to your upper throat and the back of your nose, usually prevents excess air pressure and fluid from building up in your ear. However, during a cold, mucus and fluid from your nose can accumulate in your eustachian tube, leading to a blockage. This blockage can cause ear pain and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the ear. As your cold subsides, this congestion typically improves, but in some cases, it can result in secondary infections.

Middle ear infection

A common complication of a cold is a middle ear infection, known as infectious otitis media. This occurs when viruses from your nose and throat travel through the eustachian tube into your middle ear, causing fluid buildup. Bacteria can thrive in this fluid, leading to an infection. Symptoms of a middle ear infection include ear pain, swelling, redness, hearing difficulties, green or yellow nasal discharge, and fever.

Sinus infection

An unresolved cold can also lead to a sinus infection, or infectious sinusitis, causing inflammation in your sinuses (areas in your nose and forehead). Sinusitis can create pressure in your ear, resulting in ear pain. Additional symptoms of sinusitis include yellow or green postnasal drainage, congestion, difficulty breathing through the nose, facial pain or pressure, headache, toothache, cough, bad breath, poor sense of smell, fatigue, and fever.

Elderly woman in pain holding her ear on a sofa
Treating earache due to a cold

Addressing an earache caused by a cold involves managing the underlying cold and alleviating symptoms. Over-the-counter medications, decongestants, and warm compresses can provide relief. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is essential to seek medical advice to prevent complications such as secondary infections.

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Symptoms of cold and pain in ears

Experiencing ear pain with a cold can be distressing, and it's essential to differentiate between an earache caused by a cold and an ear infection. Cold and pain in the ear can sometimes overlap with symptoms of an ear infection, known medically as acute otitis media (AOM). Here are key indicators that your ear pain might be due to an infection rather than just a cold:

Identifying an Ear Infection

  • Persistent Pain: Unlike ear pain from a cold, which subsides with other cold symptoms, the pain from an ear infection tends to linger.
  • Hearing Loss: You might experience dulled hearing. According to experts, “The hearing loss with an ear infection is typically mild — it’s the equivalent of putting a good earplug in your ear.”
  • Fever: Developing a fever is a common sign of an ear infection.
  • Intense Pain: The pain from an ear infection is usually more severe than that from a cold. Many ear infections are bacterial and can be treated with antibiotics.

Additional Symptoms of Ear Infections

If you have an ear infection, you might also:

Diagnosing ear pain with cold

Is it common to have ear pain during a cold? It looks like it's a very common issue. To determine if you have an ear infection, a doctor will examine your ear with an otoscope. They will look for signs of infection, such as:

  • Bulging Eardrum: This occurs due to fluid and pus buildup behind the eardrum, known as "effusion."
  • Eardrum Flexibility: Using a pneumatic otoscope, the doctor checks if the eardrum is less flexible than usual.
  • Cloudy Eardrum: Normally, the eardrum is clear like a shower curtain, but infection can cause cloudiness.

Although you might experience some hearing loss, hearing tests are generally not useful for diagnosing ear infections. In summary, if your ears hurt with a cold and the pain is persistent, intense, and accompanied by dulled hearing or fever, you likely have an ear infection. Seeking medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

Ear infection symptoms, cold and sore ears

Experiencing a painful ear with a cold is not uncommon and can be quite discomforting. Ear infections, known medically as acute otitis media (AOM), are typically caused by inflammation that results from an illness or allergies. When the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, become inflamed, fluid can become trapped behind the eardrum, leading to pressure and an earache.

Other Symptoms of Ear Infections

In addition to painful ears with a cold, other symptoms of an ear infection include:

  • Persistent Pain: Pain that does not subside even after your cold symptoms clear.
  • Drainage: Fluid or pus draining from the ear.
  • Muffled Hearing: Reduced hearing ability due to fluid buildup.
  • Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.
  • Fever: Elevated body temperature indicating infection.

Often, bacteria can grow in the fluid trapped behind the eardrum, leading to more severe infection. In such cases, it is crucial to consult a doctor, who may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.

Understanding these symptoms can help you distinguish between a common cold with ear pain and a more serious ear infection. Always seek medical advice if you experience persistent ear pain with a cold to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent complications.

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Remedies for earache due to cold

In addition to home remedies for ear pain due to colds, medical treatments may be recommended by a doctor. By utilising these remedies for earache due to cold and following medical advice, you can effectively manage and relieve earache symptoms.

Over-the-Counter pain relievers

OTC pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce pain and fever. For children under six months, consult a doctor for the appropriate medication and dosage. Always follow the instructions on the package.

Decongestants

OTC decongestants can reduce swelling in the nose and ears, providing relief. Decongestants come in various forms such as nose drops, nasal sprays, and oral capsules or liquids. Follow the package directions, especially when administering to children.

Ear drops

OTC ear drops designed to relieve ear pain can be used, but read the directions carefully. Consult a doctor if you have a burst eardrum, as ear drops could cause complications.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are generally not needed for ear infections or sinusitis unless symptoms are chronic or severe, indicating a bacterial infection. In such cases, a doctor may prescribe them.
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Earache due to cold: home remedies

How do you relieve ear pressure from a cold and ease an ear ache? Most cases of earache due to a cold improve on their own. However, there are various home remedies for earache due to cold that can help alleviate the pain.

Hot or cold compress

To reduce pain or swelling, apply a hot or cold compress to the affected ear. Ensure the pack is wrapped in a clean towel to protect your skin from direct heat or cold.

Sleep position

If only one ear is affected, sleep on the side opposite the painful ear. For instance, if your right ear hurts, sleep on your left side to reduce pressure on the right ear. Elevating your head with two or more pillows may also help decrease pressure, but be cautious as it might strain your neck.

Nasal rinse

For earache due to sinus infection, a nasal rinse can help drain and clear your sinuses

Hydration

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, which can help loosen mucus and speed up recovery.

Rest

Allow your body to rest, which will support its ability to fight off a cold or secondary infection.

Precautions for treating ears hurting from cold

When experiencing ear pain from a common cold, managing symptoms with medications can be helpful, but it might not completely alleviate the earache.

Be cautious when combining cold medicines with OTC pain relievers. Many cold medications contain ingredients like acetaminophen, which is also found in Tylenol. Taking both Nyquil and Tylenol, for instance, can lead to an unsafe amount of acetaminophen, posing a risk to your liver.

Similarly, prescription drugs may interact with OTC medicines. If you're on any prescription medication, consult your doctor before using OTC cold medicines or pain relievers.

It's essential to keep in mind the following:

Cold medications for young children

Do not give cold medications to children under 4 years old unless advised by a doctor.

Aspirin

Avoid giving aspirin to children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.

Oils

While some believe that garlic, tea tree, or olive oil can help clear an ear infection, there isn't sufficient scientific evidence to support these claims. Use caution with these remedies. Read our article about oils for ear infections to learn more.

Cotton swabs

Do not insert cotton swabs or other objects into your ears. By following these guidelines, you can safely manage ear pain caused by a common cold.

Ear pain after cold treatment

If your ear pain is severe or persists for a long time, it’s important to see a doctor. Even after completing a course of antibiotics for an ear infection, you may still have fluid behind your eardrum. This residual fluid can last from a few weeks to a few months as part of the healing process. If you continue to have hearing problems after a couple of months, consult your doctor about undergoing hearing tests. Cold-induced ear pain often resolves on its own, but if you experience symptoms such as persistent discomfort, worsening pain, severe ear pain, fever, hearing loss, changes in hearing, or earache in both ears, it’s important to consult a doctor. These signs may indicate a more serious condition.

Diagnosing ear pain

To determine the cause of your earache, your doctor will take several steps:

  • Medical History: Your doctor will inquire about your symptoms and any history of ear pain.
  • Physical Examination: Using an otoscope, your doctor will inspect your ear for swelling, redness, and pus, and will also examine your nose and throat.
  • If you have chronic ear pain, you may be referred to an ear, nose, and throat specialist.

Managing ear pain after a cold

It’s common to experience ear pain during or after a cold, and most cases are not serious, typically resolving on their own. To alleviate the discomfort, you can:

  • Rest: Give your body time to heal.
  • OTC Pain Relievers: Use over-the-counter pain medications as needed.
  • Home Remedies: Apply ice packs to ease the pain.
  • Avoid taking common cold medications and pain relievers simultaneously, as they can interact and cause adverse effects.
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Conditions associated with head cold and earache

Here you can find additional suggestions and information about symptoms and conditions associated with head cold and earache, like cough and ear pain.

Earache after flying with a cold

Experiencing ear pain after flying with ear infections or a cold is a common issue caused by a condition known as ear barotrauma. This occurs when the air pressure in the middle ear and the surrounding environment are not balanced, a problem exacerbated by congestion from a cold. The Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat, help regulate air pressure. However, when these tubes are blocked due to a cold, they cannot equalize the pressure effectively during the rapid altitude changes of a flight, leading to pain and discomfort​. Symptoms of aeroplane ear include a feeling of fullness or blockage in the ear, muffled hearing, severe ear pain, and sometimes dizziness. In more severe cases, it can lead to a ruptured eardrum, which may present as fluid discharge from the ear​. To mitigate these issues, it is advisable to avoid flying when you have a cold if possible. If you must fly, using a decongestant or nasal spray before the flight can help reduce congestion. Additionally, techniques such as yawning, swallowing, or using the Valsalva manoeuvre (gently blowing with the nose pinched and mouth closed) can help equalize ear pressure during takeoff and landing​. If the pain persists after the flight, it is important to consult a healthcare provider, especially if you experience severe symptoms like hearing loss, continuous ear pain, or fluid discharge​ 

Ears that hurts with the cold

Experiencing ear pain in cold conditions is a common issue. One of the primary reasons your ears might hurt after running in the cold is due to the constriction of blood vessels in response to low temperatures. This constriction reduces blood flow to the eardrums and Eustachian tubes, leading to discomfort and sensitivity​​. Similarly, after a cold shower or drinking a cold beverage, the sudden temperature change can affect the nerves around your ear, causing pain. Cold weather can exacerbate ear pain while swallowing, as the cold air can inflame the Eustachian tubes, which connect the ears to the throat. This inflammation can make swallowing painful, especially if only one ear is affected by the cold​. Even walking in cold weather can cause similar issues; the cold air can irritate the inner and outer ear, leading to discomfort and pain after exposure. If you find that your ears hurt consistently after exposure to cold, consider wearing protective headgear like earmuffs or a headband to keep your ears warm and prevent vasoconstriction​​. For those who experience ear pain after drinking cold beverages or taking cold showers, warming up slowly and avoiding abrupt temperature changes can help alleviate symptoms. If ear pain persists, consult a healthcare provider to rule out infections or other underlying conditions.

Ear pain with cold in adults vs toddlers and kids

Young woman expressing pain

Ear pain due to cold affects both adults and children, but the causes and severity can differ significantly between these age groups. In children and toddlers, ear infections are more common because their Eustachian tubes are smaller, more horizontal, and more prone to blockage from swelling or mucus caused by a cold. These tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, help regulate air pressure and drain fluid. When these tubes are blocked, fluid builds up in the middle ear, creating a perfect environment for bacteria and viruses to grow, leading to an infection known as otitis media. Symptoms in children often include ear pain, fever, difficulty sleeping, irritability, and fluid drainage from the ear. Children are also more likely to pull at their ears as a sign of discomfort​. Glue ear in children is often treated with ear grommets. In adults, ear pain during a cold is typically less frequent and less severe, mainly because their Eustachian tubes are larger and more vertical, allowing better drainage and less likelihood of blockage. Adults usually experience ear pain as a result of sinus congestion or inflammation from the cold, which can lead to a feeling of fullness, pressure, and sometimes mild hearing loss. While adults can also develop ear infections, it is less common compared to children. The treatment often involves decongestants, nasal sprays, or over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate symptoms​. Both adults and children should seek medical attention if ear pain persists or is severe, as untreated ear infections can lead to complications such as hearing loss or the spread of infection to nearby tissues​ 

FAQs about ear pain with cold in adults and kids

How to unblock ears from a cold?

To unblock ears from a cold, you can try several methods to alleviate the discomfort and clear the blockage:

  • Swallowing, Yawning, or Chewing Gum: These actions help open the Eustachian tubes, which can equalize pressure in the ears and relieve the feeling of fullness​.
  • Valsalva Maneuver: Take a deep breath, pinch your nostrils shut, and gently blow through your nose while keeping your mouth closed. This can help pop your ears by forcing air through the Eustachian tubes.
  • Nasal Decongestants: Using an over-the-counter nasal decongestant spray or oral decongestants can reduce nasal congestion and help unblock your ears. However, these should not be used for more than a few days to avoid rebound congestion.
  • Warm Compress or Steam: Applying a warm compress to the affected ear or inhaling steam from a hot shower can help loosen mucus and relieve ear congestion​.
  • Hydration and Humidification: Staying well-hydrated and using a humidifier to keep the air moist can help thin mucus, making it easier for your body to clear the blockage​.

If these methods do not relieve your symptoms, or if you experience severe pain, hearing loss, or symptoms lasting more than a couple of weeks, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment​

How long does earache last?

The duration of an earache depends on its underlying cause. For most ear infections, symptoms generally improve within three days, although they can last up to a week. If an earache is due to a common cold or sinus congestion, the discomfort typically resolves as the cold subsides, usually within a few days.

In cases of chronic ear conditions or more severe infections, symptoms may persist longer and require medical treatment. If an earache does not start to get better after three days, or if it is accompanied by a high fever, severe pain, or fluid discharge, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment​.

How do you stop a cold ear from hurting?

To alleviate ear pain caused by the cold, you can try several home remedies:

  • Warm Compress: Apply a warm compress or heating pad to the affected ear to reduce pain and increase blood flow.
  • Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Use medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Stay Warm: Keep your ears warm with a hat or earmuffs when outside.
  • Hydration and Rest: Ensure you stay hydrated and get plenty of rest to support your immune system.
  • If the pain persists or worsens, consult a healthcare provider

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